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LFP Battery Chemistry

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄)

At a glance: LFP is Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) — a lithium cell chemistry with a nominal voltage of 3.2 V, cell-level energy density around 90–160 Wh/kg, typical cycle life of 2,000–5,000+ cycles, and a temperature window of discharge −20 to +60 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C.

Specification

Entity typeChemistry
Nominal voltage3.2 V
Operating voltage window2.5–3.65 V
Energy density90–160 Wh/kg (cell level)
Cycle life2,000–5,000+ cycles (cycles to 80% capacity, ~80% DOD, 25 °C)
Temperature windowdischarge −20 to +60 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C
Thermal stabilityHighest of the group (most abuse-tolerant)
Cobalt contentNone
Typical cell formatPrismatic / cylindrical

All figures are typical ranges, not a substitute for a specific cell datasheet — they vary by manufacturer, cell format and C-rate.

Engineering interpretation

What the data means: LFP’s position in the chemistry family is set by two numbers working against each other — energy density (Wh/kg) and cycle life. LFP sits at roughly 90–160 Wh/kg and 2,000–5,000+ cycles, which places it at a specific point on the energy-versus-longevity trade-off.

Why it matters: A datasheet number only means something with its basis — cell-level energy density is not pack-level, and cycle life is only meaningful at a stated depth of discharge and temperature. Read LFP against those conditions, never as a bare figure.

Engineering interpretation, not a purchasing guarantee.

Sources & verification

Evidence card — how this chemistry’s data was established

Basis: typical ranges cross-verified from cell-manufacturer datasheets and battery engineering references.

Typical ranges; vary by manufacturer, cell format and C-rate. Energy density is cell-level — pack level is lower.

Last verified: 2026-09-18

Related

Values are typical ranges, not a substitute for a specific cell datasheet. Return to World Battery Hub.