{
  "name": "Lithium Cell Chemistry Reference Data",
  "description": "Reference data for lithium cell chemistries — LFP, NMC, NCA, LTO, LMFP — with nominal voltage, energy density (with basis), cycle life (with test conditions) and temperature windows.",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "version": "2026-09",
  "dateModified": "2026-09-18",
  "creator": "World Battery Hub",
  "creatorUrl": "https://worldbatteryhub.com",
  "recordCount": 5,
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "lfp",
      "name": "LFP",
      "full_name": "Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄)",
      "entityType": "Chemistry",
      "nominal_voltage_v": "3.2",
      "voltage_window_v": "2.5–3.65",
      "energy_density_wh_kg": "90–160",
      "energy_density_basis": "cell level",
      "cycle_life": "2,000–5,000+",
      "cycle_life_basis": "cycles to 80% capacity, ~80% DOD, 25 °C",
      "temperature_window": "discharge −20 to +60 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C",
      "thermal_stability": "Highest of the group (most abuse-tolerant)",
      "cobalt_content": "None",
      "typical_cell_format": "Prismatic / cylindrical",
      "sources": [
        "Cell-manufacturer datasheets (CATL, BYD, EVE, Gotion)",
        "IEC 62660 (EV cell test conditions)",
        "Battery engineering references"
      ],
      "evidence_note": "Typical ranges; vary by manufacturer, cell format and C-rate. Energy density is cell-level — pack level is lower.",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "nmc",
      "name": "NMC",
      "full_name": "Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide",
      "entityType": "Chemistry",
      "nominal_voltage_v": "3.6–3.7",
      "voltage_window_v": "2.7–4.2",
      "energy_density_wh_kg": "150–220",
      "energy_density_basis": "cell level",
      "cycle_life": "1,000–2,000",
      "cycle_life_basis": "cycles to 80% capacity, ~80% DOD, 25 °C",
      "temperature_window": "discharge −20 to +55 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C",
      "thermal_stability": "Moderate (needs active thermal management)",
      "cobalt_content": "~9–33% (blend-dependent, falling)",
      "typical_cell_format": "Pouch / prismatic",
      "sources": [
        "Cell-manufacturer datasheets (LG Energy Solution, Samsung SDI, CATL, Panasonic)",
        "IEC 62660 (EV cell test conditions)",
        "Battery engineering references"
      ],
      "evidence_note": "Typical ranges; the exact nickel/manganese/cobalt ratio (e.g. NMC 811 vs 111) moves both energy density and cycle life.",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "nca",
      "name": "NCA",
      "full_name": "Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide",
      "entityType": "Chemistry",
      "nominal_voltage_v": "3.6",
      "voltage_window_v": "2.7–4.2",
      "energy_density_wh_kg": "200–260",
      "energy_density_basis": "cell level",
      "cycle_life": "500–1,500",
      "cycle_life_basis": "cycles to 80% capacity, ~80% DOD, 25 °C",
      "temperature_window": "discharge −20 to +55 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C",
      "thermal_stability": "Lower than LFP (needs management)",
      "cobalt_content": "~10–15% (falling)",
      "typical_cell_format": "Cylindrical",
      "sources": [
        "Cell-manufacturer datasheets (Panasonic, Samsung SDI)",
        "IEC 62660 (EV cell test conditions)",
        "Battery engineering references"
      ],
      "evidence_note": "Typical ranges; NCA is concentrated in cylindrical cells and holds a small energy-density edge over NMC.",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "lto",
      "name": "LTO",
      "full_name": "Lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂)",
      "entityType": "Chemistry",
      "nominal_voltage_v": "2.3–2.4",
      "voltage_window_v": "1.5–2.85",
      "energy_density_wh_kg": "50–80",
      "energy_density_basis": "cell level",
      "cycle_life": "10,000–20,000",
      "cycle_life_basis": "cycles to 80% capacity, high DOD, 25 °C",
      "temperature_window": "discharge −30 to +55 °C · charge −30 to +55 °C",
      "thermal_stability": "Very high (no metallic lithium plating; wide low-temp charge window)",
      "cobalt_content": "None",
      "typical_cell_format": "Prismatic / pouch / cylindrical",
      "sources": [
        "Cell-manufacturer datasheets (Toshiba SCiB, Altairnano lineage)",
        "IEC 62660 (EV cell test conditions)",
        "Battery engineering references"
      ],
      "evidence_note": "Lowest energy density and voltage of the group, but the longest cycle life and the widest charge-temperature window. Values are typical ranges.",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "lmfp",
      "name": "LMFP",
      "full_name": "Lithium manganese iron phosphate",
      "entityType": "Chemistry",
      "nominal_voltage_v": "3.5–3.6",
      "voltage_window_v": "2.5–4.2",
      "energy_density_wh_kg": "150–200",
      "energy_density_basis": "cell level (vendor-dependent)",
      "cycle_life": "2,000–4,000",
      "cycle_life_basis": "cycles to 80% capacity, ~80% DOD, 25 °C",
      "temperature_window": "discharge −20 to +55 °C · charge 0 to +45 °C",
      "thermal_stability": "High (LFP-family; manganese raises voltage)",
      "cobalt_content": "None",
      "typical_cell_format": "Prismatic / pouch",
      "sources": [
        "Cell-manufacturer datasheets (Gotion, CATL — early LMFP lines)",
        "Battery engineering references"
      ],
      "evidence_note": "Emerging chemistry with a wider vendor spread — treat energy-density and cycle-life figures as indicative rather than settled. Higher manganese content raises nominal voltage and energy density versus LFP.",
      "last_verified": "2026-09-18"
    }
  ]
}