{
  "name": "Battery Group Reference Data",
  "description": "Entity database of battery groups — H4-H9, JIS N-series and BCI groups with voltage, capacity, CCA (with its standard), dimensions, terminal, technology and evidence. Values are cross-verified ranges, not a substitute for a specific battery datasheet.",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "version": "2026-09",
  "dateModified": "2026-09-18",
  "creator": "World Battery Hub",
  "creatorUrl": "https://worldbatteryhub.com",
  "recordCount": 56,
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "h4",
      "group": "H4",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "L1",
        "LB1",
        "DIN 55"
      ],
      "standard": "EN/DIN",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "55–60",
      "cca": "500–600",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "207 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Small / compact cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN/DIN group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342 reference tables (dimension codes)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values; the EN code names the battery's performance class and case size."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-78",
          "group": "Group 78"
        },
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-34",
          "group": "Group 34"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "14–16",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "h5",
      "group": "H5",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "L2",
        "LB2",
        "DIN 60"
      ],
      "standard": "EN/DIN",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "60",
      "cca": "600",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "242 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Compact / midsize cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN/DIN group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342 reference tables (dimension codes)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values; the EN code names the battery's performance class and case size."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-78",
          "group": "Group 78"
        },
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-34",
          "group": "Group 34"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "15–17",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "h6",
      "group": "H6",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "L3",
        "LB3",
        "DIN 70"
      ],
      "standard": "EN/DIN",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "70",
      "cca": "640–700",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "278 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Midsize cars",
        "Start-stop"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN/DIN group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342 reference tables (dimension codes)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values; the EN code names the battery's performance class and case size."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~65–75 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "75d23",
          "group": "75D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "80d26",
          "group": "80D26"
        },
        {
          "id": "n70",
          "group": "N70"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-65",
          "group": "Group 65"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-48",
          "group": "Group 48"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "18–20",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "h7",
      "group": "H7",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "L4",
        "LN4",
        "DIN 80"
      ],
      "standard": "EN/DIN",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "70–80",
      "cca": "760",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "315 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Large cars",
        "SUV",
        "Start-stop"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN/DIN group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342 reference tables (dimension codes)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values; the EN code names the battery's performance class and case size."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~80 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "95d31",
          "group": "95D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-94r",
          "group": "Group 94R"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-49",
          "group": "Group 49"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "20–22",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "h8",
      "group": "H8",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "L5",
        "LB5",
        "DIN 90"
      ],
      "standard": "EN/DIN",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "90–95",
      "cca": "850–900",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "352 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "AGM / EFB",
      "applications": [
        "Large SUV",
        "Light truck"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN/DIN group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342 reference tables (dimension codes)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values; the EN code names the battery's performance class and case size."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~90–100 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "115d31",
          "group": "115D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "130d31",
          "group": "130D31"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "25–28",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "h9",
      "group": "H9",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "L6",
        "LB6",
        "DIN 105"
      ],
      "standard": "EN/DIN",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "105",
      "cca": "950",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "394 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "AGM / EFB",
      "applications": [
        "Heavy-duty",
        "Premium vehicles"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN/DIN group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342 reference tables (dimension codes)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values; the EN code names the battery's performance class and case size."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~100–105 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "n100",
          "group": "N100"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "28–32",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "55d23",
      "group": "55D23",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "D23"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "60",
      "cca": "540",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−15°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "232 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "Japanese passenger cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-78",
          "group": "Group 78"
        },
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-34",
          "group": "Group 34"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "14–16",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "n150",
      "group": "N150",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "145G51"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "135",
      "cca": "900",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−15°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "508 × 222 × 212",
      "terminal": "JIS type A (large taper)",
      "technology": "Heavy-duty flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Trucks",
        "Heavy-duty"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~135 Ah",
      "class_peers": [],
      "weight_kg": "35–38",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "n200",
      "group": "N200",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "190H52"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "200",
      "cca": "1100",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−15°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "520 × 278 × 220",
      "terminal": "JIS type A (large taper)",
      "technology": "Heavy-duty flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Trucks",
        "Heavy-duty"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~200+ Ah",
      "class_peers": [],
      "weight_kg": "45–50",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group31",
      "group": "Group 31",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "31"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "100",
      "cca": "900",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "330 × 173 × 240",
      "terminal": "SAE stud / post",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Commercial",
        "Marine",
        "Trucks"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~100–105 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h9",
          "group": "H9"
        },
        {
          "id": "n100",
          "group": "N100"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "—",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "typical",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group8d",
      "group": "Group 8D",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "8D"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "200+",
      "cca": "1400+",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "527 × 283 × 250",
      "terminal": "SAE stud",
      "technology": "Heavy-duty flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Commercial",
        "Marine",
        "Diesel"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~200+ Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "n200",
          "group": "N200"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "—",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "typical",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group24",
      "group": "Group 24",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "24"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "70–75",
      "cca": "700",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Marine",
        "RV",
        "Passenger cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~70–80 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h6",
          "group": "H6"
        },
        {
          "id": "h7",
          "group": "H7"
        },
        {
          "id": "n70",
          "group": "N70"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-65",
          "group": "Group 65"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "—",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "typical",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group27",
      "group": "Group 27",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "27"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "90–95",
      "cca": "800",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "306 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Marine",
        "RV",
        "Trucks"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~90–95 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h8",
          "group": "H8"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-49",
          "group": "Group 49"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "—",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "typical",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group4d",
      "group": "Group 4D",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "4D"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "160–180",
      "cca": "1100",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "527 × 222 × 250",
      "terminal": "SAE stud",
      "technology": "Heavy-duty flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Commercial",
        "Marine",
        "Diesel"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~160–180 Ah",
      "class_peers": [],
      "weight_kg": "—",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "typical",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "65d23",
      "group": "65D23",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "D23"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "65",
      "cca": "580",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−15°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "232 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "Japanese passenger cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-78",
          "group": "Group 78"
        },
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-34",
          "group": "Group 34"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "15–17",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "n70",
      "group": "N70",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "65G24"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "70",
      "cca": "700",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−15°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 173 × 222",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "Passenger cars",
        "Light trucks"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~65–75 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "75d23",
          "group": "75D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "80d26",
          "group": "80D26"
        },
        {
          "id": "h6",
          "group": "H6"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-65",
          "group": "Group 65"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-48",
          "group": "Group 48"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "16–18",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "n100",
      "group": "N100",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "95E41"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "100",
      "cca": "800",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−15°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "408 × 172 × 213",
      "terminal": "JIS type A (large taper)",
      "technology": "Heavy-duty flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Trucks",
        "Buses"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~100–105 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h9",
          "group": "H9"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "25–28",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "n120",
      "group": "N120",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "115F51"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "120",
      "cca": "900",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−15°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "503 × 180 × 216",
      "terminal": "JIS type A (large taper)",
      "technology": "Heavy-duty flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Trucks",
        "Buses"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~120 Ah",
      "class_peers": [],
      "weight_kg": "28–30",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-34",
      "group": "Group 34",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "34",
        "34R"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "55–75",
      "cca": "750–900",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 175 × 182 (approx.)",
      "terminal": "Top post",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Trucks",
        "SUVs",
        "high-power automotive"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-78",
          "group": "Group 78"
        },
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "17–20",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-49",
      "group": "Group 49",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "H8",
        "L5",
        "88L5"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE (DIN/EN H8)",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "80–95",
      "cca": "850–950",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "353 × 175 × 190 (H8 equivalent)",
      "terminal": "Top post",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM / EFB",
      "applications": [
        "Luxury cars",
        "trucks",
        "high-electrical-load vehicles"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~80 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "95d31",
          "group": "95D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "h7",
          "group": "H7"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-94r",
          "group": "Group 94R"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "26–28",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-65",
      "group": "Group 65",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "65"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "70–75",
      "cca": "750–950",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "306 × 190 × 192 (approx.)",
      "terminal": "Top post",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Ford/Lincoln trucks",
        "SUVs"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~65–75 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "75d23",
          "group": "75D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "80d26",
          "group": "80D26"
        },
        {
          "id": "h6",
          "group": "H6"
        },
        {
          "id": "n70",
          "group": "N70"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-48",
          "group": "Group 48"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "20–22",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "gc2",
      "group": "GC2",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "Golf cart",
        "6V deep-cycle"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI",
      "voltage": 6,
      "capacity_ah": "215",
      "cca": "—",
      "cca_basis": "Not cranking-rated (deep-cycle)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 180 × 275",
      "terminal": "Flag / embedded",
      "technology": "Flooded deep-cycle",
      "applications": [
        "Golf carts",
        "Floor machines",
        "Off-grid 6V banks"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~215 Ah (6V)",
      "class_peers": [],
      "weight_kg": "28–32",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "gc12",
      "group": "GC12",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "12V golf cart"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "150",
      "cca": "—",
      "cca_basis": "Not cranking-rated (deep-cycle)",
      "dimensions_mm": "327 × 181 × 278",
      "terminal": "Flag / threaded",
      "technology": "Flooded deep-cycle",
      "applications": [
        "Golf carts",
        "Floor machines"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~150 Ah (12V)",
      "class_peers": [],
      "weight_kg": "35–38",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-25",
      "group": "Group 25",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "25"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "45–60",
      "cca": "550–650",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "230 × 175 × 225",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Compact cars",
        "Some imports"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "16–18",
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-78",
          "group": "Group 78"
        },
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-34",
          "group": "Group 34"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-26",
      "group": "Group 26",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "26"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "45–55",
      "cca": "500–550",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "208 × 173 × 197",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Older imports",
        "Marine starting"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "15–17",
      "capacity_class": "~45–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-58",
          "group": "Group 58"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-75-25",
          "group": "Group 75/25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-96r",
          "group": "Group 96R"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-35",
      "group": "Group 35",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "35"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "45–60",
      "cca": "550–650",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "230 × 175 × 225",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Japanese imports"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "16–18",
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-78",
          "group": "Group 78"
        },
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-34",
          "group": "Group 34"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-48",
      "group": "Group 48",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "H6",
        "L3",
        "DIN 70"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE (EN H6)",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "70",
      "cca": "700–760",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "278 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "European cars",
        "Mid-size"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "18–20",
      "capacity_class": "~65–75 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "75d23",
          "group": "75D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "80d26",
          "group": "80D26"
        },
        {
          "id": "h6",
          "group": "H6"
        },
        {
          "id": "n70",
          "group": "N70"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-65",
          "group": "Group 65"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-51",
      "group": "Group 51",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "51",
        "51R"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "45–50",
      "cca": "450–500",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "238 × 129 × 223",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Small Japanese cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "13–15",
      "capacity_class": "~45–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-58",
          "group": "Group 58"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-75-25",
          "group": "Group 75/25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-96r",
          "group": "Group 96R"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-58",
      "group": "Group 58",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "58"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "50–55",
      "cca": "500–550",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "255 × 183 × 175",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Ford",
        "Some imports"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "15–17",
      "capacity_class": "~45–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-75-25",
          "group": "Group 75/25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-96r",
          "group": "Group 96R"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-75-25",
      "group": "Group 75/25",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "75/25",
        "25"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "50",
      "cca": "500–550",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "230 × 175 × 197",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "GM side/post applications"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "15–17",
      "capacity_class": "~45–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-58",
          "group": "Group 58"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-96r",
          "group": "Group 96R"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-78",
      "group": "Group 78",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "78"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "55–65",
      "cca": "700–800",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 175 × 185",
      "terminal": "SAE side",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "GM trucks",
        "SUVs"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "17–19",
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-34",
          "group": "Group 34"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-94r",
      "group": "Group 94R",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "H7",
        "L4",
        "DIN 80"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE (EN H7)",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "80",
      "cca": "800–850",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "315 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "European cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "20–22",
      "capacity_class": "~80 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "95d31",
          "group": "95D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "h7",
          "group": "H7"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-49",
          "group": "Group 49"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-96r",
      "group": "Group 96R",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "96R"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "50",
      "cca": "550–600",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "243 × 173 × 175",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "European compact"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Exide, East Penn)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Typical values — specific builds vary by manufacturer within the group envelope."
      },
      "weight_kg": "14–16",
      "capacity_class": "~45–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-58",
          "group": "Group 58"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-75-25",
          "group": "Group 75/25"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "75d23",
      "group": "75D23",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "75D23L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "65",
      "cca": "600–650",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Japanese cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "weight_kg": "16–18",
      "capacity_class": "~65–75 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "80d26",
          "group": "80D26"
        },
        {
          "id": "h6",
          "group": "H6"
        },
        {
          "id": "n70",
          "group": "N70"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-65",
          "group": "Group 65"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-48",
          "group": "Group 48"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "80d26",
      "group": "80D26",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "80D26L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "70",
      "cca": "650–700",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Japanese mid-size"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "weight_kg": "17–19",
      "capacity_class": "~65–75 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "75d23",
          "group": "75D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "h6",
          "group": "H6"
        },
        {
          "id": "n70",
          "group": "N70"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-65",
          "group": "Group 65"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-48",
          "group": "Group 48"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "95d31",
      "group": "95D31",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "95D31L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "80",
      "cca": "750–800",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "306 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Vans",
        "4WD"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "weight_kg": "20–22",
      "capacity_class": "~80 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h7",
          "group": "H7"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-94r",
          "group": "Group 94R"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-49",
          "group": "Group 49"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "115d31",
      "group": "115D31",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "115D31L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "90",
      "cca": "850–900",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "306 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Large SUVs",
        "Vans"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "weight_kg": "23–25",
      "capacity_class": "~90–100 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h8",
          "group": "H8"
        },
        {
          "id": "130d31",
          "group": "130D31"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "130d31",
      "group": "130D31",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "130D31L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "95",
      "cca": "900–950",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "306 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Large vans",
        "Commercial"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "weight_kg": "24–26",
      "capacity_class": "~90–100 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h8",
          "group": "H8"
        },
        {
          "id": "115d31",
          "group": "115D31"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "55b24",
      "group": "55B24",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "55B24L",
        "55B24R"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "45",
      "cca": "400–450",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "238 × 129 × 227",
      "terminal": "JIS type B",
      "technology": "Flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Small Japanese cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "weight_kg": "12–14",
      "capacity_class": "~45–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-58",
          "group": "Group 58"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-75-25",
          "group": "Group 75/25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-96r",
          "group": "Group 96R"
        }
      ],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "typical",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "40b19",
      "group": "40B19",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "40B19L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "28–30",
      "cca": "300–350",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "187 × 127 × 227",
      "terminal": "JIS type B",
      "technology": "Flooded",
      "applications": [
        "Kei cars",
        "Small cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 group reference tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301 reference tables",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "JIS codes encode performance class and case size; typical values shown."
      },
      "weight_kg": "8–10",
      "capacity_class": "~28–30 Ah",
      "class_peers": [],
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "h3",
      "group": "H3",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "L0",
        "EN 32L0"
      ],
      "standard": "EN/DIN",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "35–45",
      "cca": "330–360",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "175 × 175 × 190",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB",
      "applications": [
        "Small city cars",
        "Some compact hatchbacks"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN 50342-2 case codes (H3 = L0, EN code 32L0) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342-2 reference tables (case codes L0–L6)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Smallest standard EN/DIN case (L0, 175 mm long). Note: the EN case code \"H3\" (= L0) is distinct from manufacturer product-tier \"H\" labels (e.g. a Varta \"H3\" product is ~100 Ah); this entity refers to the EN 50342 case code. Typical values shown; the H3/L0 case is rated roughly 32–45 Ah by class."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~35–45 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "40b19",
          "group": "40B19"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "10–12",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "22f",
      "group": "Group 22F",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "22F"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "50–55",
      "cca": "500–550",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "241 × 175 × 211",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Japanese imports",
        "Compact cars (Honda, Acura)"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group dimension tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (East Penn, Exide, Interstate, Odyssey)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Common on older Japanese imports (Honda/Acura). Typical values; dimensions follow BCI Group 22F envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~50–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "15–17",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-63",
      "group": "Group 63",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "63"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "45–50",
      "cca": "430–470",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "258 × 162 × 225",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB",
      "applications": [
        "Compact cars",
        "Some Toyota / Lexus"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group dimension tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (East Penn, Exide, Interstate, Odyssey)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Narrower case (162 mm) than Group 24/34. Typical values; dimensions follow BCI Group 63 envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~45–50 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "13–15",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-86",
      "group": "Group 86",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "86",
        "Group 85"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "50–60",
      "cca": "550–600",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "230 × 173 × 203",
      "terminal": "SAE post / side",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Ford / Mazda",
        "Compact cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group dimension tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (East Penn, Exide, Interstate, Odyssey)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Group 85 and Group 86 share the same case dimensions and differ only in terminal orientation. Typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~50–60 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-25",
          "group": "Group 25"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-35",
          "group": "Group 35"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "22f",
          "group": "Group 22F"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "15–17",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-27f",
      "group": "Group 27F",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "27F"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "90–100",
      "cca": "710–800",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "318 × 173 × 227",
      "terminal": "SAE post (front)",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Ford trucks",
        "Large SUVs",
        "Light commercial"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group dimension tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (East Penn, Exide, Interstate, Odyssey)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Front-terminal variant of Group 27 (terminal posts on the front face). Dimensions follow BCI Group 27F envelope."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~90–100 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group27",
          "group": "Group 27"
        },
        {
          "id": "group31",
          "group": "Group 31"
        },
        {
          "id": "h8",
          "group": "H8"
        },
        {
          "id": "n100",
          "group": "N100"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "21–23",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "t5",
      "group": "T5",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "LB2",
        "LBN2",
        "45LB"
      ],
      "standard": "DIN/EN (low height)",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "55–60",
      "cca": "540–580",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "242 × 175 × 175",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "European compact cars",
        "Low-tray applications"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN 50342-2 case codes (T5 = LB2, 175 mm height) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342-2 reference tables (case codes L0–L6)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Low-height (175 mm) variant of the 242 mm (H5/L2) case — for vehicles with a shallow battery tray. Typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        },
        {
          "id": "h4",
          "group": "H4"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-48",
          "group": "Group 48"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "14–16",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "t6",
      "group": "T6",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "LB3",
        "LBN3",
        "66LB"
      ],
      "standard": "DIN/EN (low height)",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "60–70",
      "cca": "600–640",
      "cca_basis": "EN 50342 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "278 × 175 × 175",
      "terminal": "SAE post",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "European midsize cars",
        "Low-tray applications"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "EN 50342-2 case codes (T6 = LB3, 175 mm height) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "EN 50342-2 reference tables (case codes L0–L6)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (Varta, Bosch, Banner, Exide)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Low-height (175 mm) variant of the 278 mm (H6/L3) case. Typical values shown."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~60–70 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "h6",
          "group": "H6"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-48",
          "group": "Group 48"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "n70",
          "group": "N70"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "16–18",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "60b19",
      "group": "60B19",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "60B19L",
        "60B19R"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "40–45",
      "cca": "380–420",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "187 × 127 × 227",
      "terminal": "JIS type B",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "Kei cars",
        "Small Japanese cars"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 B19 case (187 × 127 × 227) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301:2019 reference tables (perf class, case, CCA)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX, Chengguang)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Extended performance class of the B19 case (above the standard 40B19). Typical values; the JIS perf number is a performance rank, not Ah."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~40–45 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "40b19",
          "group": "40B19"
        },
        {
          "id": "h3",
          "group": "H3"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "10–12",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "65b24",
      "group": "65B24",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "65B24L",
        "65B24R"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "50–55",
      "cca": "450–480",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "238 × 129 × 227",
      "terminal": "JIS type B",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "Small Japanese cars",
        "Compact sedans"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 B24 case (238 × 129 × 227) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301:2019 reference tables (perf class, case, CCA)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX, Chengguang)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Extended performance class of the B24 case (above the standard 55B24). Typical values; perf number is a rank, not Ah."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~50–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "22f",
          "group": "Group 22F"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "13–15",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "85d23",
      "group": "85D23",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "85D23L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "70–75",
      "cca": "560–600",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "232 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "Japanese midsize cars",
        "SUVs"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 D23 case (232 × 173 × 225) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301:2019 reference tables (perf class, case, CCA)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX, Chengguang)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Extended performance class of the D23 case (above the standard 80D23). Typical values; perf number is a rank, not Ah."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~65–75 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "75d23",
          "group": "75D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "65d23",
          "group": "65D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "55d23",
          "group": "55D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "h6",
          "group": "H6"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "16–18",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "100d26",
      "group": "100D26",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "100D26L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "80–85",
      "cca": "640–680",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "Japanese trucks",
        "4WD / SUVs"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 D26 case (260 × 173 × 225) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301:2019 reference tables (perf class, case, CCA)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX, Chengguang)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Extended performance class of the D26 case (above the standard 80D26). Typical values; perf number is a rank, not Ah."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~75–85 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "80d26",
          "group": "80D26"
        },
        {
          "id": "75d23",
          "group": "75D23"
        },
        {
          "id": "n70",
          "group": "N70"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-65",
          "group": "Group 65"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "18–20",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "105d31",
      "group": "105D31",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "105D31L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "85–90",
      "cca": "650–700",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "306 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "SUVs",
        "Light commercial diesel"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 D31 case (306 × 173 × 225) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301:2019 reference tables (perf class, case, CCA)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX, Chengguang)",
          "Chengguang datasheet: 105D31 = 90 Ah, 650 CCA (2026)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Cross-verified: JIS D5301:2019 lists 105D31 (nominal 74 Ah C20 / 655 CCA); Chengguang rates the same code at 90 Ah / 650 CCA. Range shown spans both (nominal vs marketed rating)."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~85–95 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "95d31",
          "group": "95D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "115d31",
          "group": "115D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "130d31",
          "group": "130D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "h8",
          "group": "H8"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "21–23",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "110d31",
      "group": "110D31",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "110D31L"
      ],
      "standard": "JIS",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "90–95",
      "cca": "700–740",
      "cca_basis": "JIS D5301 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "306 × 173 × 225",
      "terminal": "JIS type A",
      "technology": "Flooded MF",
      "applications": [
        "Large SUVs",
        "Vans",
        "Commercial"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "JIS D5301 D31 case (306 × 173 × 225) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "JIS D5301:2019 reference tables (perf class, case, CCA)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (GS Yuasa, Panasonic, AtlasBX, Chengguang)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "Medium",
        "note": "Extended performance class of the D31 case (between standard 105D31 and 115D31). Typical values; perf number is a rank, not Ah."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~90–100 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "105d31",
          "group": "105D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "115d31",
          "group": "115D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "95d31",
          "group": "95D31"
        },
        {
          "id": "h8",
          "group": "H8"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "22–24",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "gc8",
      "group": "GC8",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "8V golf cart"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI",
      "voltage": 8,
      "capacity_ah": "165–170",
      "cca": "—",
      "cca_basis": "Not cranking-rated (deep-cycle)",
      "dimensions_mm": "264 × 183 × 277",
      "terminal": "Flag / threaded",
      "technology": "Flooded deep-cycle",
      "applications": [
        "Golf carts (48V = 6 × GC8)",
        "Floor machines",
        "Off-grid 8V banks"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group dimension tables (GC8) + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (East Penn, Exide, Interstate, Odyssey)",
          "Trojan T-875 datasheet (8V, ~170 Ah @20h)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "8-volt deep-cycle group; six GC8 in series make a 48 V golf-cart pack. Typical 20-hour capacity shown (e.g. Trojan T-875 class)."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~165–170 Ah (8V)",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "gc2",
          "group": "GC2"
        },
        {
          "id": "gc12",
          "group": "GC12"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "29–31",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "typical",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-34r",
      "group": "Group 34R",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "34R",
        "34 (reversed terminal)"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "55–75",
      "cca": "750–900",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "260 × 173 × 200",
      "terminal": "Top post (reversed polarity)",
      "technology": "Flooded / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Trucks",
        "SUVs",
        "High-power automotive"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group dimension tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (East Penn, Exide, Interstate, Odyssey)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Same case as Group 34 but with REVERSED terminal polarity (positive post on the opposite side). Dimensions match Group 34; the 'R' suffix denotes reversal, not a size difference. Not interchangeable with Group 34 without checking cable routing."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~55–65 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-34",
          "group": "Group 34"
        },
        {
          "id": "group24",
          "group": "Group 24"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-78",
          "group": "Group 78"
        },
        {
          "id": "h5",
          "group": "H5"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "17–20",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "group-51r",
      "group": "Group 51R",
      "entityType": "BatteryGroup",
      "aliases": [
        "51R",
        "51 (reversed terminal)"
      ],
      "standard": "BCI/SAE",
      "voltage": 12,
      "capacity_ah": "45–50",
      "cca": "450–500",
      "cca_basis": "SAE J537 (−18°C)",
      "dimensions_mm": "238 × 129 × 223",
      "terminal": "SAE post (reversed polarity)",
      "technology": "Flooded / EFB / AGM",
      "applications": [
        "Honda compacts",
        "Nissan compacts",
        "Japanese imports"
      ],
      "evidence": {
        "basis": "BCI group dimension tables + manufacturer datasheets",
        "sources": [
          "BCI Battery Replacement Data Book (group dimensions)",
          "Manufacturer datasheets (East Penn, Exide, Interstate, Odyssey)"
        ],
        "date": "2026-09",
        "confidence": "High",
        "note": "Same case as Group 51 but with REVERSED terminal polarity. Dimensions match Group 51; the 'R' suffix denotes reversal. Not interchangeable with Group 51 without checking cable routing."
      },
      "capacity_class": "~45–55 Ah",
      "class_peers": [
        {
          "id": "group-51",
          "group": "Group 51"
        },
        {
          "id": "group-26",
          "group": "Group 26"
        },
        {
          "id": "55b24",
          "group": "55B24"
        },
        {
          "id": "22f",
          "group": "Group 22F"
        }
      ],
      "weight_kg": "13–15",
      "value_type": {
        "voltage": "standard_defined",
        "capacity_ah": "range",
        "cca": "range",
        "dimensions_mm": "standard_defined",
        "weight_kg": "range",
        "terminal": "standard_defined",
        "cca_basis": "standard_defined"
      }
    }
  ]
}